A two-stage stochastic programming model of coordinated electric bus charging scheduling for a hybrid charging scheme

This paper proposes a coordinated charging scheduling approach for battery electric buses (BEBs) in hybrid scheme, i.e., both plug-in fast and battery-swapping modes are incorporated single station. To accommodate the uncertain energy consumption during bus operation, two-stage stochastic program is formulated, where first stage decision determines inventory level of each station second mode designs when, where, how long should be charged. Future uncertainties associated with captured by set possible discrete scenarios from historical data. A progressive hedging algorithm developed to decompose into sub-problems. case study conducted verify proposed models solution algorithms.